See -ow on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-au"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -au",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-où"
},
"expansion": "Breton -où",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Welsh -au, Breton -où.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "chi (“house”) + -ow → chiow (“houses”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oy (“egg”) + -ow → oyow (“eggs”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pluralization suffix, roughly equivalent to -s"
],
"id": "en--ow-kw-suffix-Nuvqlgbw",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Etymology 1"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[oʊ]"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pox",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Polabian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ов"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ов (-ov)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ów"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ów",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ov"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian -ov",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From native West Slavic languages, such as Polabian. Chiefly through Middle Low German; in originally High German areas the same Slavic suffix usually yields -au.\nCompare Russian -ов (-ov), Polish -ów, Serbo-Croatian -ov, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "not productive"
},
"expansion": "(not productive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Grabow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Treptow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 4 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 2 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A place name suffix found in parts of former East Germany (or along the former border, as in Lüchow)."
],
"id": "en--ow-de-suffix-Ylhg8hFc",
"links": [
[
"East Germany",
"East Germany#English"
],
[
"Lüchow",
"w:Lüchow"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A surname suffix."
],
"id": "en--ow-de-suffix-WXGJ8DdD",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/o/"
},
{
"audio": "De--ow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/De--ow.ogg/De--ow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/De--ow.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pl",
"3": "-ów"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ów",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-ов"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ов (-ov)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish -ów and Russian -ов (-ov).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "not productive"
},
"expansion": "(not productive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gorbatschow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Kalaschnikow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A surname suffix found in names borrowed from Polish or Russian."
],
"id": "en--ow-de-suffix-Hbajg0c8",
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ov) in place names",
"word": "Russian -ов"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanisation of Russian -ов (-ov) in place names."
],
"id": "en--ow-de-suffix-pHZbztPb",
"links": [
[
"Russian",
"w:Russian language"
],
[
"-ов",
"-ов#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔf/"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "om",
"2": "-aawuu"
},
"expansion": "Oromo -aawuu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aa",
"2": "-oowe"
},
"expansion": "Afar -oowe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "irk",
"2": "-aw",
"pos": "inchoative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Iraqw -aw (inchoative suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Oromo -aawuu and Afar -oowe. Compare Iraqw -aw (inchoative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ö̀w",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-oobi",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "-oobi",
"head": "-ö̀w"
},
"expansion": "-ö̀w (infinitive -oobi)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Somali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inchoative suffix"
],
"id": "en--ow-so-suffix-X~HPoS81",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɞ́ʉ̀/",
"note": "citation form and before a consonant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ǽʉ̀/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɞ́ːb/",
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yap",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yapese",
"lang_code": "yap",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yapese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dual subject pronoun marker."
],
"id": "en--ow-yap-suffix-ts6MLwBp",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ewes",
"pos": "u-stem nominative plural"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ewes (u-stem nominative plural)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-au"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -au",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ow, *-owes, from Proto-Celtic *-ewes (u-stem nominative plural). Compare Welsh -au.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cumbric",
"lang_code": "xcb",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Cumbric/-ow",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cumbric entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cumbric terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms plural nouns., -s"
],
"id": "en--ow-xcb-noun-rFZ4Tkul",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-au"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -au",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "-où"
},
"expansion": "Breton -où",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Welsh -au, Breton -où.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish lemmas",
"Cornish plural suffixes",
"Cornish suffixes",
"Cornish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "chi (“house”) + -ow → chiow (“houses”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oy (“egg”) + -ow → oyow (“eggs”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pluralization suffix, roughly equivalent to -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Etymology 1"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[oʊ]"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ewes",
"pos": "u-stem nominative plural"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ewes (u-stem nominative plural)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-au"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -au",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ow, *-owes, from Proto-Celtic *-ewes (u-stem nominative plural). Compare Welsh -au.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cumbric",
"lang_code": "xcb",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Cumbric/-ow",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cumbric entries with incorrect language header",
"Cumbric lemmas",
"Cumbric suffixes",
"Cumbric terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cumbric terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Cumbric terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Cumbric terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cumbric terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms plural nouns., -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"German terms derived from Polabian",
"German terms derived from Polish",
"German terms derived from Russian",
"German terms derived from Slavic languages",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pox",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Polabian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ов"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ов (-ov)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ów"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ów",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ov"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian -ov",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From native West Slavic languages, such as Polabian. Chiefly through Middle Low German; in originally High German areas the same Slavic suffix usually yields -au.\nCompare Russian -ов (-ov), Polish -ów, Serbo-Croatian -ov, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "not productive"
},
"expansion": "(not productive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Grabow"
},
{
"word": "Treptow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A place name suffix found in parts of former East Germany (or along the former border, as in Lüchow)."
],
"links": [
[
"East Germany",
"East Germany#English"
],
[
"Lüchow",
"w:Lüchow"
]
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A surname suffix."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/o/"
},
{
"audio": "De--ow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/De--ow.ogg/De--ow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/De--ow.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Polish",
"German terms derived from Russian",
"German terms derived from Slavic languages",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pl",
"3": "-ów"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ów",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-ов"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ов (-ov)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish -ów and Russian -ов (-ov).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "not productive"
},
"expansion": "(not productive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Gorbatschow"
},
{
"word": "Kalaschnikow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A surname suffix found in names borrowed from Polish or Russian."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(-ov) in place names",
"word": "Russian -ов"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanisation of Russian -ов (-ov) in place names."
],
"links": [
[
"Russian",
"w:Russian language"
],
[
"-ов",
"-ов#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔf/"
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "om",
"2": "-aawuu"
},
"expansion": "Oromo -aawuu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aa",
"2": "-oowe"
},
"expansion": "Afar -oowe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "irk",
"2": "-aw",
"pos": "inchoative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Iraqw -aw (inchoative suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Oromo -aawuu and Afar -oowe. Compare Iraqw -aw (inchoative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ö̀w",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-oobi",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "-oobi",
"head": "-ö̀w"
},
"expansion": "-ö̀w (infinitive -oobi)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Somali entries with incorrect language header",
"Somali lemmas",
"Somali suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"inchoative suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɞ́ʉ̀/",
"note": "citation form and before a consonant"
},
{
"ipa": "/ǽʉ̀/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɞ́ːb/",
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yap",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ow",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yapese",
"lang_code": "yap",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yapese entries with incorrect language header",
"Yapese lemmas",
"Yapese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Dual subject pronoun marker."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ow meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.